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- $Unique_ID{BRK03515}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Bartonellosis}
- $Subject{Bartonellosis Bartonella Bacilliformis Infection Carrion's Disease
- Oroya Fever Verruga Peruana Hemorrhagic Pian}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 123:
- Bartonellosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Bartonellosis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Bartonella Bacilliformis Infection
- Carrion's Disease
- Including:
- Oroya Fever
- Verruga Peruana (also known as Hemorrhagic Pian)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Bartonellosis is a bacterial infection characterized by anemia and high
- fever and/or a chronic skin rash often accompanied by pain or fever. The
- disease is found only in South America. A night biting sandfly transmits the
- bacterium from one host to another. In untreated patients, the disease may
- be fatal, but antimicrobial treatment cures it.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The first symptoms of Bartonellosis often constitute a syndrome known as
- Oroya fever, and include abrupt onset of fever, weakness, pallor, headache,
- muscle and joint pain, and in some cases, coma or delirium. They result from
- invasion of the bloodstream by the causative bacterium, which attaches itself
- to the surface of red blood cells, causing anemia and obstructed capillaries
- by entering the cells lining them. Mortality in untreated cases of Oroya
- fever can be very high.
-
- This disease often occurs in patients who already have other infections
- such as salmonella, amoebas, or malaria. The illness is more severe and life
- threatening in such cases.
-
- If the patient survives this acute stage of the infection, bacteria
- appear in the skin and subcutaneous tissues after a latent period, reflecting
- a different stage of immune reaction. The resulting skin condition is called
- verruga peruana and is characterized by small nodular or pitted (eroding)
- lesions that occur as a rash on the face and limbs. This rash may take
- months or years to disappear, and can be accompanied by pain and fever.
- Verruga peruana may appear in patients who have not had Oroya fever.
-
- Causes
-
- Bartonellosis is caused by the bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis. This
- microorganism enters red blood cells and the cells lining the capillaries in
- the Oroya fever stage of the illness. When it succumbs to the host's immune
- defenses in these parts of the body, it emerges in the skin and subcutaneous
- tissues causing verruga peruana.
-
- Affected Population
-
- The disease occurs only at certain altitudes in the Andes in South America.
-
- (It is restricted to the range of the insect that transmits it.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Antimicrobial therapy, preferably with chloramphenicol, controls Oroya fever
- and speeds healing of skin lesions. Severe anemia may require blood
- transfusions.
-
- Avoiding sandfly stings prevents Bartonellosis. Insect repellents, bed
- nets and the use of long acting insecticides can accomplish this.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Bartonellosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 924, 1681-2.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 111.
-
-